Erkmen Giray Aslim,
Murat C. Mungan, Carlos I. Navarro, and Han Yu
Journal Article
"The Effect of Public Health Insurance on Criminal Recidivism.",
Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, forthcoming.
Abstract
The prevalence of mental health and substance abuse disorders is high among
incarcerated individuals. Many ex-offenders reenter the community without receiving any specialized treatment and return to prison with existing behavioral health
problems. We consider a Beckerian law enforcement theory to identify different
sources through which access to health care may impact ex-offenders’ propensities
to recidivate, and empirically estimate the effect of access to public health insurance on criminal recidivism. We exploit the plausibly exogenous variation in state
decisions to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act. Using administrative
data on prison admission and release records from 2010 to 2016, we find that
the expansions decrease recidivism for both violent and public order crimes. In
addition, we find that the public coverage expansions substantially increase access
to substance use disorder treatment. The effect is salient for individuals who are
covered by Medicaid and referred to treatment by the criminal justice system.
These findings are most consistent with the theory that increased access to health
care reduces ex-offenders’ perceived non-monetary benefits from committing crimes.
JEL codes
I15, K42
Keywords
Medicaid, Recidivism, Affordable Care Act, Substance Use Disorder
Media Coverage
The Appeal
Erkmen Giray Aslim,
Irina B. Panovska, and M. Anıl Taş
Journal Article
“Macroeconomic Effects of Maternity Leave Legislation in Emerging Economies.”,
Economic Modelling, Volume 100, July 2021, 105497.
Abstract
This study evaluates the relationships between maternity leave duration, female and male labor force participation, and macroeconomic productivity in emerging countries. We build a comprehensive maternity leave data set for a panel of emerging countries at annual frequency. Our data set augments publicly available data on maternity leave with narrative evidence that identifies the exact dates when legislative changes to maternity leave policies were enacted and enforced. The higher annual data frequency allows us to study both the short-term and the intermediate-term effects of maternity leave duration. Maternity leave is associated with positive but limited effects on female labor force participation, but it is associated with significant increases in male labor force participation. There is some evidence that increases in maternity leave duration are associated with decreases in productivity in the short run, but there are no significant adverse effects at longer horizons. The results for emerging countries look substantially different when compared to the results for a panel of developed countries.
JEL codes
J11, J08, J16, E24
Keywords
labor force participation, female labor force participation, maternity leave
Erkmen Giray Aslim
Journal Article
“The Relationship Between Health Insurance and Early Retirement: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act”, Eastern Economic Journal, January 2019, Volume 45, Issue 1, Pages 112-140.
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA) Medicaid
expansion on the retirement decision of low-educated adults aged 55-64. Using
data from the American Community Survey, I employ a difference-in-differences
strategy that exploits the timing and expansion decisions of states for adults
without dependent children ("childless adults"). I find that the expansions increase
Medicaid enrollment for both men and women. The estimates also suggest that
the expansions and Medicaid enrollment result in women retiring early, whereas
there is no significant change in the retirement behavior of men. These findings
imply that the effect of health insurance on women's retirement decisions may
depend on men's labor market responses to health insurance.
JEL codes
I18, J18, J26
Keywords
Medicaid, Retirement, Affordable Care Act, Job lock
Erkmen Giray Aslim
and Bilin Neyapti
Journal Article“Optimal Fiscal Decentralization: Redistribution and Welfare Implications”, Economic Modelling, February 2017, Volume 61, Pages 224–234.
Abstract
The literature has been inconclusive regarding the welfare effects of fiscal decentralization (FD), defined here as the extent to which local governments collect and spend local tax revenues. We present an original model to investigate formally the distributional and welfare implications of FD. In contrast to the standard approach that compares the implications of full FD with that of centralization, we consider that the central government chooses the level of FD to maximize welfare in a heterogeneous country. Noncooperatively, local governments choose their tax collection effort to maximize local utility. We show that an increase in the tax rate leads optimal FD to increase so as to compensate for the welfare loss from decreasing optimal local tax effort. Hence, welfare and income distribution improve in FD at its intermediate, rather than extreme, levels. We coin this result as the decentralization-Laffer curve. As regional spillovers increase, FD is less desirable as it deteriorates welfare and income distribution. This finding provides a novel support for the decentralization theorem and contributes to the fiscal policy debate.
JEL codes
E62; H77
Keywords
Fiscal decentralization; Welfare; Fiscal efficiency; Income distribution
